German Manpower and Equipment. Report by J.I.C.

that much of their activity has of necessity been reduced to training flights; they have been unable to undertake offensive operations of normal difficulty. 9. The position with regard to Fighter crews is not so bad, since the training period is shorter. But the expansion of fighter first line establishment has absorbed the surplus crews that each first line unit formerly kept on its strength, and now few units have more than the requisite number of pilots to fly aircraft that they possess. Losses have to be made good direct from training since there are no reserves.