(ii) Japanese The Japanese have lately been operating very few submarines in the Indian ocean and not mere than one at a time in the Gulf of Aden. Some of these are fitted to carry midget submarines. In view of Japanese commitments in the Pacific, this scale of effort is unlikely to be increased. It is reliably reported that German submarines will operate West, and Japanese submarines East of 070° E. 5. Merchant Raiders German and Japanese merchant ship raiders have operated in the Indian Ocean, but almost invariably South of the Equator, and only for very brief periods within range of shore-based aircraft.