present hostilities in 1937 Japan has done her best to achieve this object, but has so far been frustrated by the unexpected stubborn refusal of the Chinese people, under their leader ChiangKai-Shek, to accept defeat in spite of enormous losses in men, material and territory. The Chinese spirit of resistance has received encouragement from the moral support given by Russia, the United States and ourselves. It is not known with any accuracy how much material aid has been given by the Russians, but at all events very little has been received by the Chinese from the Americans or ourselves until quite recently.