TOP SECRET 2 This assumption is based upon the following considerations: A. The Russians manifested no special interest in German atomic energy work prior to August 1945 and even ignored some German scientists who tried to arouse their interest in the subject. B. A Russian scientist, Peter Kapitsa, who must be assumed to have been deeply involved in their work on the subject, is reliably known to have been extremely surprised by the news of the use of the atomic bomb and to have stated that he had not realised that Russia was so far behind.