(d) Fighters. The majority of Soviet fighters are short range. The YAK 9, however, is credited with a range approaching that of the light bombers and sufficient numbers of these fighters could be made available to provide limited escorts to bombers operating over the Eastern half of England during Phase 1, or over almost the whole of England during Phase 11. As they do not contribute to the bomb tonnage dropped, fighters are not mentioned further in this paper, although the effect of fighter escorts upon the casualties which our own fighters would inflict upon the Soviet bombers has been taken into consideration.